PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.